Crimes of Galileo!

In the early 17th century, the great Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) had to face the wrath of the Catholic Church for his endorsement of Copernicus' heliocentric model of the cosmos. The church believed that the model was contrary to the teachings of the Holy Scriptures and branded it as heresy. It hit at the very core of the church's belief in the geocentric cosmos of Aristotle.
In 1616, officials of the Roman Inquisition, which is an institution in the Catholic Church responsible for eradication of heresies, warned Galileo to stop preaching the Copernican model as truth. At the same time, his book On the Revolution of Celestial Spheres was placed on the list of Index of Forbidden Books. Galileo, however, was steadfast in his belief and tried to enlighten the church about scientific truth as opposed to “revealed” truth. It was an exercise in vain and it eventually led to his downfall.
In 1623 Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, a friend of Galileo and a patron of the arts and sciences, was elected pope and assumed the name Urban VIII. Believing that a friend was at the helm of the church, Galileo mustered courage and wrote the Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems. Though he claimed Dialogue was neutral, it was in fact a veiled polemic in favor of the Copernican model. He had to face the Inquisition again in 1633. This time he was charged with “vehement suspicion of heresy.” After a short but swift deliberation, a guilty verdict was pronounced. Out of compassion for an old friend, the pope spared Galileo the fate of Giordano Bruno, a contemporary scholastic philosopher and Copernican astronomer, who was burned at the stake. Instead he was condemned to a life under house arrest in Florence where he died as a blind man in 1642.
Did the two trials of Galileo diminish his stature as a scientist and thinker? If we confine ourselves to the few decades following the trials, the answer is yes. In 1758, the church regretted for not accepting the truth in science, and lifted the ban on most of Galileo's works supporting Copernican theory. In the 20th century several popes acknowledged the great work of Galileo. In October 1992, Pope John Paul II took the extraordinary step to revoke the condemnation, saying that “the denunciation was a tragic error,” but fell short of admitting the mistake of the church. In 2008, Pope Benedict XVI, who condones heresy, admitted “understanding of the laws of nature could stimulate appreciation of God's work.”
After three and a half century, how are Galileo and Urban VIII remembered? Galileo is called the “father of modern observational astronomy.” Urban VIII is known as an authoritarian pope, a champion of nepotism. Galileo is admired for his unflinching devotion to seek the truth. The pope is known for his efforts to establish the Barberini Dynasty he crowned his nephew as the Prince of Palestrina. There is an epigram about Urban VIII: What the barbarians did not do the Barberini's did. Among other things, Galileo has a space probe named after him; Urban has nothing of importance named after him. Galileo's bust adorns the halls of hallowed institutions all over the world; Urban's bust erected after his death was destroyed by angry crowd.
The greatness of a person never goes unrecognized. Stephen Hawking in his book A Brief History of Time described Galileo as “perhaps more than any other single person who is responsible for the birth of modern science.” Albert Einstein considered him the father of modern physics. Even Pope Pius XII described him as one of the “most audacious heroes of research.”
The church may have silenced Galileo's voice, but it could not crush his conviction that science is independent of religion. He did not budge an iota from the credo, which in his own words is: “In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual.” He also lamented, “It vexes me when they would constrain science by the authority of the Scriptures, and yet do not consider themselves bound to answer reason and experiment.”
While under house arrest, he completed his other major work on the science of motion which was published in 1634 as Mathematical Discourses and Demonstrations Concerning Two New Sciences. It was a precursor to Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion which unlocked the secrets of nature and revealed the mysteries of the Universe.

The writer is a Professor in the Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Fordham University, New York.

The anti-social network :(

recently conducted a social experiment and gave up my compulsive texting habit for a while. Instead, I had to pick up the telephone and actually ring people. It had a curious effect. Most people answered in a panic, assuming that I’d only make a phone call if it was to announce big news, such as a death, birth or imminent appearance on Big Brother. They were baffled by the truth – that I just wanted to know if they fancied a drink, and that I expected a definite answer as to where and when it would take place.

What I was encountering was people in the grip of the new sociological phenomenon of “micro co‑ordination”, as Professor Richard Ling at the IT University of Copenhagen has dubbed it. This is the idea that smartphones have revolutionised how we communicate, allowing us to make fluid and quickly changeable arrangements digitally. Gone are the days when we made plans verbally and stuck to them. Is this a good thing, though, or has it turned us into a bunch of liars and flakes?

This week, the text message is celebrating its 20th birthday. But cast your mind back to a time before smartphones. You couldn’t text a last-minute apology: “Aargh got flu, in bed, c u soon”, and settle down with a glass of wine to watch Strictly Come Dancing instead. You couldn’t email: “Meeting overrunning – can’t make lunch”, when you’d received a more appealing offer.

So ubiquitous has this fluid behaviour become that the old lie “the cheque’s in the post” has been replaced by “sry cant make it, spk soon x”. And if you wish to opt out of these new social mores, you haven’t a hope. As Prof Ling makes clear in his recent book, Taken for Grantedness: The Embedding of Mobile Communication into Society, we are all governed by the new behaviour.

“Everybody takes it for granted that we are constantly available on [mobiles],” says Ling. “So you are effectively coerced into this kind of communication… We used to structure our plans around time and location when organising our social life. Now we just use our phones, which enables us to change and manipulate what we do.

Samsung Galaxy S III to top mobile Christmas list

Samsung dominated the smartphone market in Britain in November, with its products occupying five of the top ten positions in the monthly uSwitch.com Mobile Tracker chart.

The Samsung Galaxy S III remains popular due to its reputation for matching the iPhone's specifications without the prohibitive price tag, and for a host of innovative features that are fast becoming industry standards.

Samsung's Galaxy S III, S II, Galaxy Ace, Galaxy Ace II and Galaxy Note II all feature in the top ten.

Second and third places are taken by Apple's iPhone, though perhaps surprisingly the iPhone 4S beats the recently released iPhone 5.

This is due in part to iPhone 5 contracts, which require customers to pay £47 a month in order to get the phone for free on the Vodafone network, for example, dropping to £42 a month for the iPhone 4S. It would appear smartphone users are not convinced there is enough of value in the iPhone 5's larger display and improved camera to warrant the extra money.

Wii U review

By Tom Hoggins, Video Games Editor

7:00AM GMT 30 Nov 2012

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It's been a difficult couple of years for Nintendo. Last year saw the Kyoto video games giant post the first annual loss in their history, as their new portable games console, 3DS, initially struggled and sales of their record-breaking Wii console finally began to decline. It was the Wii that, for many, catapulted video games to the heart of the living room. Its motion-control revolution appealing to those who had never played a video game before with an easy to understand concept: swing the remote, and your character on screen will duplicate it. 97 million consoles sold around the world confirming that its simple language was universal.

Nintendo's new home console, Wii U, arrives under a heavy burden and without the simplicity that made its predecessor so easy to sell. Communication has been a problem for Nintendo since the Wii U and its tablet-esque Gamepad controller was revealed. Was the Gamepad an add-on for Wii? Was it a portable attachment?

No and no. Wii U is a brand new home console that connects to your telly and the Gamepad is its fascinating controller. The new console itself is high-definition enabled and far more powerful than the Wii. The Wii U will come in two packages, the basic 8GB white version and the 32GB black premium edition, though the console is equipped with an SD card slot for you to add to your memory space. The black Premium console we tested is a lovely piece of kit too, the physical unit a sleek refinement of the Wii's compact form. It's longer, but discrete and more pleasing on the eye than its competitors.

Few will be too interested in what's on the outside, of course, preferring to focus on the Wii U's inner-workings. The Japanese company have been coy about releasing detailed specifications --their philosophy is to let their unique control system do the talking for them-- but the Wii U is largely on par with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3 in terms of raw power, meaning most games will have visual parity. However, the CPU is reportedly slower and initial testing bears that out. The main hub-screen of the Wii U is slow to load, and stuttering on a playtest of the Wii U version of FIFA 13 does cause concern. However, this could be poor optimisation for the game itself and as developers become au fait with the Wii U's specs, we should see a marked improvement.

There's enough visual splendour in the games made specifically for Wii U to leave room for optimism too. New Super Mario Bros. U has gorgeous, bright and crisp visuals, while Ubisoft's ZombiU makes excellent use of light and shaders to build their grimy vision of London. It's quite possible that multi-format games will continue to look and run better on Xbox 360 and PS3, as developers are more familiar with the hardware, but the Wii U exclusive titles will have some of the best visuals around.

iTunes 11 review

iTunes is more than 11 years old, and the launch of version 11 today shows that much has changed since 2001 – but much has not.

It has now got a much-improved new look, but under the bonnet, iTunes is still the same familiar and much appreciated software.

It long ago had to incorporate media such as TV and film and today's slightly delayed launch allows the software to deal better with a a range of entertainment options.

The immediate impression is that there are more graphics, fewer pages of enormous lists of text, and a more intuitive interface.

On the left are your libraries, while in the centre you can choose to view by artist or album, etc, and on the right you can see your own iPods or other devices and the iTunes store.

Swiftkey Flow Beta Android App review

Free beta

Since phones moved to the touchscreen model, there have been apps such as Swiftkey that have aimed to make typing faster, and latterly have aimed to predict what we type. While many users claim that they are absolutely wedded to the physical keyboard models of their BlackBerrys, in fact when they transfer to touchscreens most do not look back.

With SwiftKey flow, two things come together: the first is to continuous typing to Swiftkey, meaning you simply glide (or ‘flow’) your finger from one letter to the next rather than tapping each key, and it also add the option of strings of words too. So users can drag their finger from one letter to the next, then to the space bar and start the next word, without ever taking your finger off the screen. While the single word option is increasingly built in to Samsung and Google Nexus devices such as the Nexus 4,the option to do sentences is incremental progress. When it works it can be a huge boon to the hurried user. When it doesn’t it’s infuriating but the balance is largely positive. I managed to ‘type’ entire messages without lifting my finger from the screen. While Google’s in-house version offers live updates on its suggestion in a bubble above your finger, Swiftkey does it in a bar above the keyboard.

The second is the continued SwiftKey feature of predicting the next word. This is less perfect –while it can analyse your Google and Facebook accounts to see your style, it doesn’t always get it quite right, and sometimes it’s just illiterate. The system presents three options each time: after I started typing “Are you” its next suggestions were “the” and OK”, both of which are plausible, but its third option was “are”. “Are you are” seems an unlikely way to begin a sentence.

Swiftkey Flow is, overall, a really good thing in the sense that Swype-style typing is good and largely accurate, and the word prediction is both often right and sometimes good enough that you’ll accept it. Frustratingly, however, the former doesn’t work everywhere it should, such as in the gmail search box on the Nexus 4, and the ‘flow’ part of incorporating the space bar can’t also predict words.

Too young to withstand the shock

Mizan and Masum are cousins: too young to understand what took away their mothers late Saturday night.
Mizan, 11 months old, and Masum, 18 months old, are now too exhausted to cry for their mothers. They were leaning against their fathers' shoulders like statues.
Both depended on mother's milk.
Almost a week had gone by since their mothers went to work at Tazreen Fashions factory in Ashulia and did not return.
Mizan's mother Mitu's body was lined up among other bodies at Nishchintapur Primary School ground Sunday morning while Masum's mother Mahfuza is missing.
Mahfuza is presumed to be among the 53 dead whose bodies were charred beyond recognition. The unidentified were buried in Jurain graveyard.
Mitu and Mahfuza had been working at Tazreen for the last two years. They married Saddam Hossain and Abdul Jabbar, brothers.
The widowers were wandering from one end to the other of Nishchintapur village yesterday looking blankly and holding their sons close to their chests.
Ruins and wreckage of the burnt factory are what they now roam around in gloom and despair in search for help.
"We do not know how we will lead the rest of our lives with the motherless kids," said Saddam, "We have to work for survival without anyone to take care of our poor sons."
The brothers came from Bhurungamari of Kurigram looking for livelihoods in the capital more than half a decade ago and got jobs as garment workers in Nishchintapur of Ashulia on the outskirts of the capital.
Jabbar married Mahfuza around six years ago while Saddam took Mitu as wife five years ago. They had been living in the same neighbourhood ever since.
"My son is missing his mother and has stopped eating…he refuses to go to anyone else," said Saddam, adding, "I am now penniless… I had to spend all my money to take my wife's body to Rangpur for burial…I can't afford to feed him."
"I can neither leave my son with anyone nor can I go to work," said Saddam, who works at a nearby garment factory.
Jabbar said his son too has stopped eating as Mahfuza used to feed her son and play with him during breaks while at work.
"What do we do now?" he said.
At least 111 garments workers perished at the factory Saturday night in the worst industrial fire in the country.

RMG fire safety largely ignored 15 fire service teams begin countrywide inspection to find out ill-equipped factories

The government yesterday launched a nationwide drive to identify readymade garment factories with dismal safety system, five days into the nation's deadliest industrial blaze in Ashulia.
Fifteen teams from fire service inspected 73 garment factories in Ashulia and found that one-third of the factories did not have sufficient fire safety measures and security for workers.
The issue of workers' safety in factories has come up strongly following the devastating fire that killed at least 111 workers at Tazreen Fashions in Ashulia on November 24.
It was found that the factory neither had any emergency exits nor adequate fire safety measures. And fire-fighting equipment on its different floors had not been used during the fire accident.
Moreover, the eight-storey factory had the permission to have only three floors.
The teams comprised of 70 officials would inspect as many factories as possible between November 29 and December 2, said M Abdus Salam, director of Fire Service and Civil Defence (administration and finance), who led the drive with the help of police.
He said they would submit a report to the home ministry on Monday with recommendations for taking punitive measures against factories with dismal safety system.
Salam said they might recommend cancellation of fire service licence of noncompliant factories.
The fire service will then send mobile courts led by executive magistrates to noncompliant factories to penalise them for their failure to ensure workers' safety.
Salam said they did not find any factory without fire safety system, but many of the factories did not fully comply with the directives of fire service.
Those factories did not organise monthly fire drill or arrange training for workers and staff. Fire extinguishers were not even refilled in many factories, he said.
The 15 teams are asked to inspect at least five factories a day.
During the drive, they checked whether the factories had adequate fire-fighting equipment, emergency fire exits and evacuation arrangements, and if they trained workers to tackle fire incidents.
Salam said his team inspected five factories in Zirabo and found that two factories -- Shapr Dyeing and Printing Industries Ltd and Loresk Fashions Ltd -- did not have adequate fire-fighting equipment.
The validity of fire-fighting equipment at the two factories had expired and the workers had not been given training to use them, he said.
Sources said the owners and officials of the two apparel plants had fled their factories sensing the presence of the inspection team.
"We did not find them in their factories," said Salam.
Mokter Hossain, deputy director of the Industrial Police in Ashulia, said they accompanied the fire service teams to the factories.
In the meantime, a committee probing Saturday's fire incident found that Abdur Razzak, production manager at Tazreen Fashions, had been the main culprit for so many deaths in the deadly blaze.
"Though the fire alarm went off, the production manager did not allow the workers to get out of the factory," said Salam, also member of the probe committee formed by the home ministry.
In their statements, the survivors of the fire alleged that Razzak had misled the workers saying it was a regular drill, not a fire incident.
"As a result, the workers could not get out on time and got trapped in the fire," said Salam.
He also said the team was yet to talk to the factory owner and officials, as they were not available.
Also, the labour and employment ministry had moved to form a taskforce to supervise safety measures in garment factories, labour secretary Mikail Shipar told a parliamentary body.
“The taskforce will be composed of representatives from the government, garment owners and workers and headed by the minister or the state minister,” Mikail told reporters after a meeting of the parliamentary standing committee on the labour and employment ministry.
He said the taskforce would visit at least 20 factories every month to see if the plants were complying with safety regulations.
The labour secretary also said the labour directorate on November 27 filed cases with labour courts against Delowar Hossain, managing director of Tazreen Fashions.
“The owner simply cannot shirk his responsibility,” Mikail said.
Israfil Alam, chief of the parliamentary body, told reporters that the committee had recommended stern actions against those responsible for the deadly fire.
The lawmaker said the committee did not want to make any comments pointing fingers to any people. “It is under investigation and we believe the truth will come out through investigation.”
Meeting sources said the committee members were annoyed by the absence of Labour Minister Rajiuddin Ahmed Raju and State Minister Monnujan Sufian.
AHM Anwar Pasha, executive magistrate of Dhaka district, said if a factory does not have any fire-fighting equipment then its owner could be sent to jail for six months to three years along with fines under the Prevention and Extinguishment of Fire Act 2003.
If a factory with fire-fighting gears fails to use the equipment in case of fire its owner will face jail up to six months along with fine, Anwar Pasha told The Daily Star.
Queried about his department's failure to inspect every factory seeking renewal of fire licence, fire service Director Abdus Salam said, "It's not possible for our officials to ensure proper inspection at every factory during renewal of fire licence, as the number of inspectors is very poor compared to that of factories."
Five days into the deadly fire at Tazreen Fashions, the garment makers yesterday decided to form a high-powered committee to ensure upgrade of fire safety apparatus at RMG production units.
Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association said it would soon form a taskforce and set a time limit for the garment owners to upgrade fire safety measures at their factories.
“If the owners do not upgrade fire safety measures, the taskforce will shut down their plants,” BGMEA President Shafiul Islam Mohiuddin said.
Meanwhile, some 300 people among who were university students, journalists and artists joined a protest outside the BGMEA building in the city's Karwan Bazar yesterday to demand justice for the victims of the fire incident.

US birth rate falls to record low

The US birth rate hit a record low last year, led by the decline in child-bearing among foreign-born women, according to a Pew study.
The overall US birth rate decreased by 8% between 2007-10, and by 6% among US-born women, found the data.
The rate fell sharpest for those hardest hit by the recession: 14% among foreign-born women and 23% among Mexican immigrant women in particular.
The 2011 rate was the lowest since 1920, when such records began.
Previous research by Pew concluded that states with the largest economic downturn from 2007-08, were most likely to have experienced fertility declines.
Foreign and US-born Hispanic women have experienced the largest fall in household wealth since 2007.
But increased access to contraception for Latino women may also be playing a part in the falling birth rate, according to the National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health.
Foreign-born mothers continue to give birth to a disproportionate share of the nation's newborns.
Last year there were 3.95 million total US births, according to the preliminary data from Pew Research Center.
The overall US birth rate was 63.2 per 1,000 women of child-bearing age.
It peaked in 1957 during the Baby Boom years, reaching 122.7 per 1,000 women.

UN upgrades Palestinians' status

The UN General Assembly has voted to grant the Palestinians non-member observer state status - a move strongly opposed by Israel and the US.
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas told the assembly the vote was the "last chance to save the two-state solution" with Israel.
Israel's envoy to the UN said the bid pushed peace process "backwards", while the US said the move was "unfortunate".
The assembly voted 138-9 in favour, with 41 nations abstaining.
Hundreds of Palestinians celebrated on the streets of Ramallah, in the West Bank, after the result was announced.
'Birth certificate'
"Sixty-five years ago on this day, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 181, which partitioned the land of historic Palestine into two states and became the birth certificate for Israel," Mr Abbas said shortly before the vote in New York.
"The General Assembly is called upon today to issue a birth certificate of the reality of the State of Palestine," he said.
The Israeli ambassador to the UN, Ron Prosor, said "the only way to reach peace is through agreements" between the parties, not at the UN.
"No decision by the UN can break the 4,000-year-old bond between the people of Israel and the land of Israel," he said.
Opponents of the bid say a Palestinian state should emerge only out of bilateral negotiations, as set out in the 1993 Oslo peace accords under which the Palestinian Authority was established.
Speaking after the vote, the US ambassador to the UN, Susan Rice, urged the Palestinians and Israel to resume direct peace talks and warned against unilateral actions.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called the vote "unfortunate and counter-productive", saying it put more obstacles on the path to peace.
"By going to the UN, the Palestinians have violated the agreements with Israel and Israel will act accordingly," said the office of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Twitter.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon also called for more talks, saying the resolution underscored the need to resume meaningful peace negotiations.
The UK abstained from the vote, as did Germany. The Czech Republic, the Marshall Islands and Panama were among the nations voting with the US and Israel.
In the West Bank, crowds celebrated the vote by waving flags and chanting "God is great!"
"For the first time, there will be a state called Palestine, with the recognition of the entire world," Amir Hamdan was quoted as saying by the Associated Press news agency.
"Today the world will hear our voice," he added.
Symbolic milestone
The Palestinians are seeking UN recognition of a Palestinian state in the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem, the lands Israel captured in 1967.
While the move is seen as a symbolic milestone in Palestinian ambitions for statehood, the "Yes" vote will also have a practical diplomatic effect, says the BBC's Barbara Plett, at the UN.
It would allow the Palestinians to participate in debates at the UN and improve their chances of joining UN agencies and bodies like the International Criminal Court.
Last year, Mr Abbas asked the UN Security Council to admit the Palestinians as a member state, but that was opposed by the US.
Mr Abbas was much criticised by many Palestinians for remaining on the sidelines of the conflict earlier this month in Gaza and efforts to achieve a ceasefire with Israel.
His Fatah movement, based in the West Bank, is deeply split from the militant Hamas movement which governs Gaza.
Gaza's Prime Minister Ismael Haniyeh said in a statement sent to the BBC that Hamas' "support for the UN bid is based on the 'rule of non-recognition of the occupier'... and the right of Palestinians to return to their homeland".